Understanding IEPs

The IEP process

The IEP process follows a predictable sequence under federal law. Understanding the steps helps you know what to expect and when to act.

1. Request — You or the school requests a special education evaluation. Your written request starts a federal 60-day response clock.
2. Evaluation — The school assesses your child across relevant areas. You receive a written report.
3. Eligibility meeting — The team determines whether your child qualifies under one of IDEA's 13 disability categories.
4. IEP meeting — If eligible, the team (including you) writes the IEP. This meeting must happen within 30 days of the eligibility decision.
5. IEP document — The written plan specifies goals, services, and placement. It is a legal document.
6. Annual review — The IEP is reviewed at least once a year. You can request a review at any time.

Your rights

Under IDEA Part B, you have the right to participate in every IEP meeting, inspect all educational records, request an independent evaluation if you disagree with the school's assessment, and pursue mediation or due process if you disagree with a decision. Your child is entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE).